Reduced lateral geniculate nucleus neuronal deathĪttenuated hippocampal neuronal death after global ischemia Prevention/delay of ischemic stroke in stroke-prone hypertensive rats Increased recovery from bilateral frontal brain injury Improved sensory and motor neurological behavior (Examples of human study results are shown in Table 2).ĭecreased AD pathology and cognitive decline Furthermore, it is widely added as an effective ingredient in various cosmetic products.
DEXTURE 113 BOOSTERS SKIN
NAM is currently used against skin diseases such as bullous pemphigoid, skin cancers, and acne lesions.
Some early studies also showed improvement of psychological conditions such as depression and anxiety in humans upon NAM treatment. The effectiveness of NAM on preventing onset of diabetes mellitus has been shown in some human studies although in later studies absence of such effect were also reported. The compound also showed promise against development of uremic pruritus, inflammatory diseases, photo-aging and skin cancers, and even HIV reproduction (summarized in Table 1). Its usefulness has been observed in protection of neurons and vascular cells from ischemic reperfusion and similar oxidative stresses, prevention of neurological dysfunctions such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases, and treatment of depression and other psychological disorders. reported a cure for canine pellagra dogs using nicotinic acid amide (known as nicotinamide) in 1938, nicotinamide (NAM) at doses far above those required as a vitamin (e.g., 500–3000 mg) has been applied to various diseases and conditions. It also suggests directions of the future studies to ensure safer application of NAM. Our review assures safety in current usage level of NAM, but also finds potential risks for epigenetic alterations associated with chronic use of NAM at high doses. In this review, a collective literature search was performed to provide a comprehensive list of possible adverse effects of NAM and to provide understanding of their underlying mechanisms and assessment of the raised safety concerns. Also, methyl metabolites of NAM, namely methylnicotinamide, are predicted to play roles in certain diseases and conditions.
Meanwhile, high-level NAM alters cellular methyl metabolism and affects methylation of DNA and proteins, leading to changes in cellular transcriptome and proteome. Elevation of the NAD + pool alters cellular energy metabolism. For example, NAM by itself inhibits poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs), which protect genome integrity. High-level NAM administration can exert negative effects through multiple routes. However, possible adverse effects and their mechanisms are poorly understood. Recent increases in public awareness on possible pro-longevity effects of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD +) precursors have caused further growth of NAM consumption not only for clinical treatments, but also as a dietary supplement, raising concerns on the safety of its long-term use. Nicotinamide (NAM) at doses far above those recommended for vitamins is suggested to be effective against a wide spectrum of diseases and conditions, including neurological dysfunctions, depression and other psychological disorders, and inflammatory diseases.
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